Abstract:
typically beginning in early childhood and characterized by pruritus and dry, scaly
lesions. It affects up to 20% of children globally, with varying prevalence across
regions. In Africa, its prevalence ranges from 4.7% to 23%, but limited data exists
for Kenya, particularly in pediatric populations. Purpose of study: This study
aimed to determine the prevalence of AD and explore factors influencing its
occurrence in pediatric patients aged 6 months to 12 years at Kenyatta National
Hospital, Kenya. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted, with 148
participants recruited consecutively. Data was collected using a structured
questionnaire, covering demographics, family and personal histories of atopic
conditions, and AD severity. The prevalence of AD was calculated, and binary
logistic regression was used to investigate associated factors. Stata version 17 was
used for analysis. Significance was assessed at 95%. Results: The study found a
25.7% prevalence of AD. Younger children (aged ≤5 years) had significantly
higher odds of developing AD (OR = 16.99, 95% CI: 5.12, 56.37, p < 0.001), as
did children aged 6-10 years (OR = 4.70, 95% CI: 1.42, 15.53, p = 0.011). Males
were more likely to develop AD compared to females (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.32,
6.03, p = 0.007). Family history of atopic conditions, including asthma, rhinitis,
conjunctivitis, and AD, was strongly associated with higher odds of AD. Children
with unemployed mothers also had a higher risk (OR = 2.39). AD severity varied,
with 44.7% having minimal eczema, 34.2% mild, 13.1% moderate, and 7.4%
severe. Conclusion and recommendations: One in four children attending a
dermatology clinic was found to have atopic dermatitis. The study recommends
early AD screening for children, particularly those with a family history of atopy,
to improve early detection and management.
