RISK FACTORS FOR UPPER BODY MUSCULOSKELETAL DISCOMFORTS AMONG COMPUTER USERS IN KENYA

Abstract

The use of computers has been associated with incidences of musculoskeletal discomforts among frequent users. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal upper body discomforts among frequent computer users and to determine the associated risk factors. Data was collected by administering a modified Nordic questionnaire to 108 respondents of professional work groups from selected workplaces in Kenya. Personal characteristics, job and workstation factors were tested to predict the occurrence of neck, shoulder, upper back, hands/wrists and elbow discomforts. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the associations between risk factors and outcome variables. Prevalence rates of the discomforts were: neck (55.6%), shoulder (49.5%), upper back (45.8%), hands/wrists (27.1%) and elbows (16.8%). Neck discomfort (35.0%) and shoulder discomfort (38.8%) were most prevalent among the administration group, whereas wrists/hands discomfort (33.3%) and upper back discomfort (31.95) were prevalent among bankers. The study revealed significant associations between the upper body musculoskeletal discomforts and some of the potential risk factors. These risk factors were: computer work time, sitting time, chair cushioned with padded front edge, posture of shoulders whilst keyboarding, gender and unsupported hands/wrists. These findings suggest a widespread burden of upper body musculoskeletal discomforts among various professionals principally attributed to recurring exposure to the ergonomic risk factors. The study recommends that an integrated approach should be adopted by senior management in all workplaces in the design and implementation of workplace ergonomics programmes aimed at reducing exposure of employees to the risk factors associated with computer work.