Evaluation of fire safety status of selected public and private universities in Kenya with reference to fire risk reduction rules, 2007

Abstract

Fire-related incidents often result in property destruction, injuries and sometimes fatalities. One way to prevent fire incidents and also minimize loses in the event of an outbreak is by institutions complying with current laws and regulations. This study had set to establish fire safety measures in place in local universities in Kenya based on the stipulations of the Fire risk reduction Rules, LN 59 of 2007. Data was collected using questionnaires from a total of seven (three public and four private) universities representing the 27 universities in Kenya as at March 2010. These were selected through stratified random sampling technique with the two categories (public and private) classified as separate strata. Questionnaires were administered to 481 respondents using proportional (purposive) random sampling technique. A checklist developed from the rules was also used to conduct workplace inspections. The study has established that more than 74% (n=481) of employees were not aware on any fire training programmes in place with no significant difference in both categories of universities (χ2 = 3.72; p> 0.05, df = 2). Failure to conduct regular fire evacuation drills was common to both categories (χ2 = 3.16; p> 0.05, df = 2). The study has found that the workplaces were adequately equipped with Fire exits signs (98%), Fire extinguishers (99%), Hose reels (82%) and had Fire action procedures posted (88%). There is low compliance with the requirement to provide Emergency lighting, Automatic Fire suppression systems and Fire Hydrants in both categories of universities. Private universities with an average score of 21% complied marginally better than public universities (19%) on the installation of these essential equipment. Lack of information on the existence of the Fire risk reduction rules (mean index xv 4.45 out of maximum 5.00) and lack of Enterprise level Fire policies (mean index 4.27) compounded by lack of funds (Mean index 4.15) allocated for emergency preparedness were determined as the main factors affecting compliance to the rules. The overall level of compliance to the requirements of the rules stands at below 60% in both categories of universities. The study recommends the development of comprehensive fire safety policies and programs that will cover prevention, protection and emergency response backed by University executives’ endorsement and support. The DOSHS should also make the public aware of these rules through regular outreach programs and enforcement.