Abstract:
Due to the nutritive and medicinal value of honey for both man and animals, qualitative and
quantitative analyses of the minerals is of great importance. Heavy metals and high
concentration of essential metals can be toxic both to man and animals. Rapid increase in
industrialisation in Kenya has led to environmental pollution, hence increase of these
metals in honey. In this project, honey samples collected from different parts of Kenya,
namely, Laikipia, Baringo, Nairobi, Ngong, Mbeere, Embu, Kitui, Kibwezi and Lamu were
analysed to determine the levels of selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, As) and essential
metals (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe). The samples were analysed using flame atomic absorption
spectroscopy (FAAS) and flame atomic emission spectroscopy (FAES). Hydride generation -
atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG - AAS) was used to determine arsenic. Results
obtained from this study showed that K, Na, Ca and Mg had mean values ranged from
781.52±0.09 to 172.83±0.02 ppm, 269.1 to 98.04±0.03 ppm, 70.17±3.9 ppm to 19.33±4.07
ppm and 41.88 ±0.92 to 12.64 ±0.43 ppm respectively. Most of the samples had a high level
of Zn with mean value 0.19±0.06 ppm followed by Pb with of mean value 0.16±0.10 ppm,
then Cu with a mean value of 0.02±0.01 ppm followed by Cd with a mean value of
0.02±0.01ppm and finally As with a mean value of 0.01±0.01 ppm. The concentration of Pb
in most samples was found to be above the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Kenya
Bureau of Standards (KEBS) limits of 0.1 ppm in food products.
